Measuring resilience by considering the type of the extreme event, the time durationof the disturbanceand its impact on performance indicators [70]

Formulation of resilience as the system's capability to maintain its reliability during

adverse events [71,72]

Use the System-of-systems framework that integrates three main models for weather,

components and the system [73]

Applying the risk management and investment perspective by using reliability

assessment frameworks for handling hazardous conditions [74]

Determination of the system's capacity to fulfil energy security through interactions and the interrelations of the important elements of the system [75,76]

Classification of disruptive climate-induced events into five categories of minor,

moderate, serious, major, and extreme impact, depending on the frequency and duration

of the event as well as the number of consumers being affected [77]

Proposing a methodology for energy security assessment (defined as minimum vulnerability of

keyl energy systems) under long-term energy scenarios [78]

Distinguish between three basic weather conditions: average, severe and extreme [79]

Consider multiple climate scenarios from local climate models, time periods for energy demands and generation, optimize the energy system and assess it by using indicators [80]