Open Access
Table 4
Comparison of energy generation costs in Nepal (2024 estimates and 2030 projections).
| Energy source | Present average cost (2024, NPR/kWh) | Projected average cost (2030, NPR/kWh) | Remarks/Variations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Solar PV (residential, small-scale) | 7–10 | 5–7 | Module prices continue to fall; higher efficiency with emerging PERC and TOPCon cells; battery storage costs decreasing. |
| Grid electricity (hydro-dominant, mixed supply) | 12–15 | 14–17 | Gradual tariff increases expected due to infrastructure expansion, maintenance costs, and seasonal hydropower variability. |
| Off-grid diesel generation | 35–45 | 40–50 | Rising tariffs driven by import dependence, fuel price volatility, and transmission inefficiencies. |
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