Open Access
Table 2
Marginal value of externalities for different perspectives in Brazil, 2018.
| Externalities | Sub externalities | Marginal value of externality for different perspectives (% of the photovoltaic energy value) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Consumers | Utilities | Society | |||
| Air pollution | Emissions avoided | – | – | 0.32 | |
| Avoided expenses on public health | – | – | 3.80 | ||
| Energy quality | Energy losses avoided in the distribution | – | 12.60 | – | |
| Voltage profile | – | 0.01 | – | ||
| Loss due to the unsupplied energy | 10.10 | – | – | ||
| Construction element | 0.75 | – | – | ||
| Thermal load | 0.00 | – | – | ||
| Real estate valuation | 55.72 | – | – | ||
| Total | 66.57 | 12.61 | 4.12 | ||
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